Archives: Collections of original images and manuscripts
This section covers all types of collection that may be of use in your research, whether they are topographical paintings in an art gallery or manuscripts in a record office or library. Archon gives locations in the UK, Republic of Ireland, Channel Isles and Isle of Man with some web sites. Here's a checklist for beginners to help you make the most of your research time.
Step 1
Before visiting an archive, check whether it contains relevant material. The right preparation at this stage will save you much time and effort. The major archives have published catalogues or calendars which can be consulted in an academic library, and increasingly online. Some image databases are available online. (Details and links are in the guide to collections.) Note the catalogue references of the material you are interested in. You can often order several documents in advance.
There are several unified online catalogues:
- A2A combines hundreds of local and specialist archive catalogues in England and Wales.
- Archives Hub provides searchable descriptions of archives held in UK universities and colleges. For details of some major collections of use for building historians see university libraries and institutes.
- Archives NetworkWales combines catalogues of collections held by record offices and other repositories in Wales. 500 collections are now covered; by December 2005 this will be 4,000+.
- Artists' Papers Register includes the papers of architects in repositories in the UK. Selecting "artist type search" and then 'architects' or 'architectural practices' will bring up an alphabetical list.
- Discover includes material from English Heritage's ViewFinder, the British Library's Collect Britain and several local repositories in England. Text, image and bibliographic databases are mingled, but it is possible to specify results with thumbnail images.
- National Archives Global Search simultaneously brings up results from its own catalogue and website, A2A, NRA and Archon.
- The National Register of Archives indexes the papers of many corporate bodies, persons and families relating to British history, held in national and local record offices, university libraries and specialist repositories in the UK and abroad. Some sections of its Manorial Documents Register The index for manors in Wales, the Isle of Wight, Hampshire, Norfolk, Surrey, Middlesex, the three Ridings of Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire north of the sands (the Furness area, part of Cumbria since 1974) are available online. The rest may be read at the National Archives.
- Scottish Archives Network is a combined online catalogue, containing summary information on over 20,000 collections of historical records held in 52 archives in Scotland.
Step 2
Check which language the records are written in. Medieval records throughout the British Isles are often in Latin. Some in England may be in Norman French. Later documents were more often in the spoken language of the area - French (Channel Isles), Gaelic (Isle of Man, Ireland, Scotland) or Welsh - until English became dominant. The exception is legal records which remained in Latin until 1733. So even if you can read early scripts, you may need a dictionary.
Step 3
Check whether the archive is open to the general public, or whether there are restrictions. In some cases you may need to fill in an application form in advance, or make an appointment. The major national archives and some local ones give opening hours and other useful information online.
Step 4
Once you enter an archive, you will need to abide by the archive code. Be prepared!